Journal: Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Article Title: Targeting biglycan–TLR2/TLR4 interaction with synthetic peptides mitigates inflammation and ameliorates renal function in ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1186/s11658-026-01019-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biglycan LRR2 and LRR10 sequences are crucial for TLR2/TLR4-mediated proinflammatory signaling—evidence based on biglycan–swapped and point mutants. ( a , b ) Phosphorylation of ( a ) ERK ( b ) quantification, induced by wildtype (WT)-biglycan and biglycan mutants swLRR2, swLRR10, LRR2ΔF, and LRR10ΔF. ( c – h ) Expression of CXCL1 (c) mRNA and ( d ) protein, CCL2 ( e ) mRNA and ( f ) protein, and TNF α ( g ) mRNA and ( h ) protein induced by WT-biglycan and the biglycan mutants. Primary C57BL/6 macrophages were stimulated with 20 nM WT-biglycan, swLRR2, swLRR10, LRR2ΔF, and LRR10ΔF, 30 min for immunoblotting, 3 h for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and 6 h for ELISA. mRNA levels in cells were quantified using qPCR and protein levels in the culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). qPCR data are presented as fold induction normalized to Gapdh . Data represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) from a minimum of three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The following ELISA kits were used in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol: mouse TNF- α (DY410), mouse CXCL1/KC (DY453), mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (DY479), human TNF- α (DY210), human CXCL1/GRO alpha (DY275), and human CCL2/MCP-1 (DY279) (all from R and D Systems).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Article Title: Targeting biglycan–TLR2/TLR4 interaction with synthetic peptides mitigates inflammation and ameliorates renal function in ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1186/s11658-026-01019-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Peptides containing biglycan LRR2 and LRR10 sequences inhibit biglycan–TLR2/4-induced proinflammatory signaling in macrophages. ( a – b ) Phosphorylation of ( a ) ERK ( b ) quantification, following incubation with peptides 1 and 2 and stimulation with biglycan. ( c – h ) Expression of CXCL1 (c) mRNA and ( d ) protein, CCL2 ( e ) mRNA and ( f ) protein, and TNF α ( g ) mRNA and ( h ) protein following incubation with peptides 1 and 2 and stimulation with biglycan. mRNA levels in cells were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and protein levels in the culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). qPCR data are presented as fold induction normalized to Gapdh . Primary C57BL/6 macrophages were incubated with peptides 1 (18 µM) and 2 (16 µM) for 1 h prior to biglycan stimulation (20 nM), 30 min for immunoblotting, 3 h for qPCR, and 6 h for ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) from a minimum of three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The following ELISA kits were used in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol: mouse TNF- α (DY410), mouse CXCL1/KC (DY453), mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (DY479), human TNF- α (DY210), human CXCL1/GRO alpha (DY275), and human CCL2/MCP-1 (DY279) (all from R and D Systems).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Incubation, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Article Title: Targeting biglycan–TLR2/TLR4 interaction with synthetic peptides mitigates inflammation and ameliorates renal function in ischemia–reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1186/s11658-026-01019-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Peptides harboring LRR2 and LRR10 sequences inhibit biglycan–TLR2/4-induced proinflammatory signaling in human monocyte-derived macrophages. ( a – f ) Expression of CXCL1 ( a ) mRNA and ( b ) protein, CCL2 ( c ) mRNA and ( d ) protein, and TNF α ( e ) mRNA and ( f ) protein following incubation with peptides 1 and 2 and stimulation with biglycan. The mRNA levels in cells were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein levels in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). qPCR data are presented as fold induction normalized to 18S . Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with peptides 1 (18 µM) and 2 (16 µM) for 1 h prior to biglycan stimulation (20 nM), 3 h for qPCR and 6 h for ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from n = 4 samples. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The following ELISA kits were used in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol: mouse TNF- α (DY410), mouse CXCL1/KC (DY453), mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (DY479), human TNF- α (DY210), human CXCL1/GRO alpha (DY275), and human CCL2/MCP-1 (DY279) (all from R and D Systems).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Incubation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Terpenic compounds possess anthelmintic and immunomodulatory properties with potential for controlling equine cyathostomin infections

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2026.100642

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scatter plots of the association between TNF-α production and the IC 50 values (LDA and LMA) Scatter plots showing the association between TNF-α production percentage (expressed relative to the control) and the IC 50 values obtained in (left) the Larval Development Assay (LDA) and (right) the Larval Migration Assay (LMA) for six terpene compounds (anethole, cinnamaldehyde, menthol, carvacrol, eugenol and thymol). Each point represents the mean IC 50 and TNFα production for a given compound, and horizontal/vertical bars indicate the corresponding confidence intervals. Lower IC 50 values reflect higher antiparasitic potency.

Article Snippet: The cells were then incubated at +37 °C (5% CO 2 ) for 24 h. After incubation, the concentration of TNF-α in the medium for each condition was quantified by ELISA using mouse TNF-α paired antibodies (R and D Systems DY410).

Techniques: Control, Migration

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Terpenic compounds possess anthelmintic and immunomodulatory properties with potential for controlling equine cyathostomin infections

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2026.100642

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on equine PBMC Boxplots showing TNF-α concentrations (ng/mL) measured in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to DMSO (0.05%), LPS (125 ng/mL), the combination of DMSO and LPS, carvacrol (5 μg/mL), cinnamaldehyde (5 μg/mL), the combination of either compound with LPS, and the untreated condition (control). Points represent individual replicates from four independent assays. Asterisks indicate significant differences relative to the corresponding control condition (∗ P = 0.01, ∗∗ P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: The cells were then incubated at +37 °C (5% CO 2 ) for 24 h. After incubation, the concentration of TNF-α in the medium for each condition was quantified by ELISA using mouse TNF-α paired antibodies (R and D Systems DY410).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control